3D‐Printed Gelatin‐Based Scaffold Crosslinked by Genipin: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Biological Effect

Nov 11, 2024Biopolymers

3D-Printed Gelatin Scaffold Strength and Biological Impact Using Natural Crosslinking

AI simplified

Regenerative Health on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Tensile strength and microhardness of gelatin-based scaffolds increased by 93.8% and 125.3%, respectively, with higher genipin content.

Higher concentrations of genipin resulted in a reduced swelling ratio due to increased crosslinking.
Crosslinking of the scaffolds was confirmed through FTIR analysis.
Thermal and mechanical properties showed improvement as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical testing.
Morphological analysis indicated increased toughening of the material with greater crosslinking.
Cytotoxicity assessments revealed no significant cytotoxic effects in the tested scaffold preparations.

AI simplified

In this study, scaffolds based on natural polymer gelatin A, blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone were crosslinked by genipin (0.5 and 1 wt%), in order to investigate their mechanical performance and potential for biomedical application. Semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing technique was used, enabling in situ crosslinking of the blend during processing. Swelling test showed that the swelling ratio reduces with higher concentration of genipin due to an increased crosslinking. The FTIR analysis confirmed the crosslinking of scaffolds by genipin. DSC analysis and mechanical testing have shown improved thermal and mechanical properties. Morphological analysis of scaffolds by FESEM showed increased toughening of the material with the crosslinking. Tensile strength and microhardness showed a significant rise in scaffolds with the increase in genipin content, which was up to 93.8% and 125.3%, respectively. These findings were in accordance with morphological features present in samples. The biological effect of the scaffold matrix system was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative cytotoxicity assessment in vitro, demonstrating the absence of cytotoxicity in tested preparations in a direct test. The cytotoxicity index based on the metabolic activity of cells in an indirect test showed up to 20% reduction of viability compared with the control, confirming the absence of cytotoxicity, which was additionally verified by propidium iodine staining of the cells exposed to scaffolds. The presented gelatin-based crosslinked scaffolds obtained by 3D printing represent good candidates for biomedical application and future research that includes further in vitro and in vivo analysis.

Full Text

Full text is available at the source.

View full text ↗

3D‐Printed Gelatin‐Based Scaffold Crosslinked by Genipin: Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Biological Effect

Abstract

Full Text

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Abstract

Full Text

Related papers

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week: