3D-Printed PCL/SrHA@DFO Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold with Bone Regeneration and Vascularization Function

Jan 30, 2025ACS applied bio materials

3D-Printed Bone Scaffold Using PCL and Strontium Hydroxyapatite with Drug to Support Bone Healing and Blood Vessel Growth

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Abstract

The PCL/SrHA scaffold significantly promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared to the PCL/HA scaffold.

Strontium-containing hydroxyapatite (SrHA) was synthesized and incorporated into a 3D-printed scaffold.
The scaffold exhibited a 3D interconnected porous structure and a rough microsurface.
In vitro release studies indicated continuous release of strontium and calcium from the PCL/SrHA scaffold.
Mouse embryonic osteoblasts showed enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on the PCL/SrHA scaffold.
Deferoxamine (DFO) loaded onto the PCL/SrHA scaffold promoted angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

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The application of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed biological functional scaffold in the repair of bone defects is a promising strategy. In this study, strontium-containing hydroxyapatite (SrHA) powder was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and then poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/HA and PCL/SrHA composite scaffolds were prepared by the high-temperature melt extrusion 3D printing technology. The basic physical and chemical properties, in vitro biological properties, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis abilities of the scaffold were studied. The results showed that HA and SrHA were uniformly embedded in the composite scaffold, and the scaffold exhibited a 3D interconnected porous structure and rough microsurface. The in vitro release curve showed that Srand Cawere continuously released from the PCL/SrHA scaffold. In order to verify the performance of the composite scaffold in bone regeneration, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic osteoblasts (MC3T3E1) grown on the scaffold were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of SrHA significantly promoted cell proliferation. Compared with the PCL/HA scaffold, the PCL/SrHA scaffold could better promote cell osteogenic differentiation. Deferoxamine (DFO) was loaded on the surface of the PCL/SrHA scaffold. By studying the proliferation, angiogenesis, and expression of osteogenesis and angiogenesis-related genes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on PCL/SrHA@DFO scaffold, it was verified that DFO had the ability to promote angiogenesis. It could induce angiogenesis in vitro in combination with Sr. Therefore, we believe that the composite scaffold has potential application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. 2+ 2+ 2+

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