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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased risks of acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, and higher mortality.
- AKI is common in hospitalized patients and may lead to a continuum of kidney-related diseases.
- The transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease is characterized by maladaptive repair processes in kidney cells.
- Key mechanisms involved include cellular arrest, sustained signaling that promotes fibrosis, and reduced blood supply leading to low oxygen levels.
- Injuries are exacerbated by specific cell death pathways and ongoing inflammation.
- Cellular aging in kidney cells contributes to a proinflammatory environment that may lead to permanent damage.
- There is a need for effective therapies, with traditional Chinese medicine showing potential as a treatment option.
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