Aerobic exercise for eight weeks provides protective effects towards liver and cardiometabolic health and adipose tissue remodeling under metabolic stress for one week: A study in mice

Mar 1, 2022Metabolism: clinical and experimental

Eight weeks of aerobic exercise may protect liver, heart metabolism, and fat tissue during one week of metabolic stress in mice

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Abstract

Mice trained in aerobic exercise showed better resistance to weight gain and metabolic issues after transitioning to a high-fat diet.

Exercise training improved the ability of mice to manage weight gain and metabolic stress after stopping exercise.
Mice that underwent exercise training experienced less adipose tissue enlargement and reduced insulin resistance compared to untrained mice on a high-fat diet.
Enhanced metabolic resilience may be linked to exercise-induced changes in fat tissue, oxygen usage, and heat production.
The observed effects could be related to specific biological mechanisms involving PPARα-FGF21-FGFR1 pathways.
Further research is needed to explore additional pathways and confirm these findings in human trials.

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BACKGROUND: The relationship between exercise training and health benefits is under thorough investigation. However, the effects of exercise training on the maintenance of metabolic health are unclear.

METHODS: Our experimental design involved initial exercise training followed by a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Eight-week-old male was trained under voluntary wheel running aerobic exercise for eight weeks to determine the systemic metabolic changes induced by exercise training and whether such changes persisted even after discontinuing exercise. The mice were given either a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD ad libitum for one week after discontinuation of exercise (CON-NCD, n = 29; EX-NCD, n = 29; CON-HFD, n = 30; EX-HFD, n = 31).

RESULTS: Our study revealed that metabolic stress following the transition to an HFD in mice that discontinued training failed to reverse the aerobic exercise training-induced improvement in metabolism. We report that the mice subjected to exercise training could better counteract weight gain, adipose tissue hypertrophy, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and mitochondrial dysfunction in response to an HFD compared with untrained mice. This observation could be attributed to the fact that exercise enhances the browning of white fat, whole-body oxygen uptake, and heat generation. Furthermore, we suggest that the effects of exercise persist due to PPARα-FGF21-FGFR1 mechanisms, although additional pathways cannot be excluded and require further research. Although our study suggests the preventive potential of exercise, appropriate human trials are needed to demonstrate the efficacy in subjects who cannot perform sustained exercise; this may provide an important basis regarding human health.

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Aerobic exercise for eight weeks provides protective effects towards liver and cardiometabolic health and adipose tissue remodeling under metabolic stress for one week: A study in mice

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