From Ageing Clocks to Organ Networks: Biological Age-Driven Organ Asynchrony and Inter-organ Interactions Shaping Mortality Risk

Feb 8, 2026Ageing research reviews

How Differences in Organ Aging and Their Interactions Affect Risk of Death

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Longevity & Aging on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Population-scale studies show substantial within-individual variation in organ-ageing rates.

Accelerated ageing in specific organs and increased numbers of aged organs may contribute to systemic dysregulation.
Elevated mortality risk is associated with multi-organ ageing.
Multi-organ-ageing clocks highlight the importance of organ crosstalk networks in influencing healthspan and survival.
An AI-driven multi-omics health platform could facilitate continuous monitoring of biological age and early risk detection.
Stratified management may offer lifestyle-based interventions for individuals with mild ageing and personalized strategies for those with accelerated ageing.

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Ageing is a multidimensional and heterogeneous process that progresses asynchronously across organ systems. Advances in multi-omics technologies have led to the development of diverse ageing clocks, including epigenetic, proteomic, metabolomic, and imaging-based models, which extend beyond estimating crude biological age to more precisely capture organ-specific ageing trajectories and predict age-related diseases and mortality risk. Population-scale studies demonstrate substantial within-individual variation in organ-ageing rates, showing that accelerated ageing in specific organs and increased numbers of aged organs markedly contribute to systemic dysregulation and elevated mortality risk. Multi-organ-ageing clocks further highlight the role of organ crosstalk networks, such as cardiovascular-pulmonary-cerebral interactions, in shaping healthspan and survival. Building on these insights, we propose a conceptual artificial intelligence (AI)-driven multi-omics health platform that integrates clinical data, imaging, wearable sensors, and organ-specific ageing clocks to enable continuous monitoring of biological age and early risk detection. This platform supports stratified management, whereby individuals with mild ageing may benefit from lifestyle-based interventions, while those with accelerated or multi-organ ageing receive personalised pharmacological and clinical strategies. Together, multi-omics ageing clocks and AI-enabled analytics provide a transformative framework for understanding human ageing, shifting from single-organ assessment to network-level evaluation and precision anti-ageing interventions. These advances lay the groundwork for a scalable national health ecosystem aimed at extending healthy lifespan and reducing population-wide mortality risk.

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From Ageing Clocks to Organ Networks: Biological Age-Driven Organ Asynchrony and Inter-organ Interactions Shaping Mortality Risk

Abstract

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