Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), it is classified as a syndrome of root deficiency and branch excess. Danggui Shaoyao San, a classic formula traditionally used to treat gynecological disorders, has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, opening orifices, awakening the mind, strengthening the spleen, resolving phlegm, and tonifying Qi to nourish the spirit. Modern clinical studies have found that Danggui Shaoyao San can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease and has great potential for clinical application. Recent studies indicate that Danggui Shaoyao San treats Alzheimer's disease through multi-target and multi-level mechanisms. These include clearing amyloid β(Aβ) plaques and abnormally phosphorylated tau protein, maintaining brain-gut homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating autophagy. Its key components, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid, have also been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, eliminate pathological products, and regulate the cholinergic system in the brain. This paper traces the classic formula of Danggui Shaoyao San, conducts a theoretical integration of ancient and modern medical systems, and systematically summarizes and analyzes the research related to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using Danggui Shaoyao San and its key components. It aims to provide a valuable reference for further research and modern application of Danggui Shaoyao San in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
