Amino acid supplementation accelerates resolution of exercise-induced phagocyte infiltration in human skeletal muscle.

Amino acid supplementation increased myeloperoxidase-positive (MPO⁺) cell infiltration by 100% immediately after resistance exercise.

• Resistance exercise resulted in a 161% increase in MPO⁺ cell infiltration and a 66% increase in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels at 24 hours post-exercise.
• Amino acid supplementation diminished the MPO⁺ cell infiltration by 53% at 24 hours post-exercise.
• MPO⁺ cells showed significantly higher mitochondrial density and integrated with injured myofibers with lower mitochondria.
• Other infiltrating MPO-negative cells contributed mitochondria to the exercised muscle tissue, leading to an approximate two-fold increase in mitochondrial content during 24-hour recovery.
• A cellular senescence marker, p16Ink4a mRNA, decreased by 58% at 24 hours post-exercise, with a 49% reduction observed at 0 hours under amino acid treatment.

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