Neuroprotective Effects of Ammi visnaga Fruit Hydroalcoholic Extract in a PTZ-Induced Seizure Mouse Model: Emphasis on Neuroinflammatory Pathways.

Ammi visnaga treatment significantly increased seizure latency in a dose-dependent manner, with the 100 mg/kg group showing a robust delay compared to the PTZ group (P < 0.0001).

• Cytokine mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was markedly downregulated in all Ammi visnaga-treated groups, reaching levels comparable to healthy controls (P < 0.001).
• Oxidative stress markers, including MDA and nitrite levels, were significantly reduced in the hippocampus and serum at the 100 mg/kg dose (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).
• Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly enhanced in both serum and hippocampal tissue, particularly in the 50 and 100 mg/kg groups (P < 0.0001).
• Ammi visnaga showed potent neuroprotective effects through dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms in a PTZ-induced seizure model.
• Phenobarbital elevated seizure threshold but had minimal impact on oxidative stress biomarkers.

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