Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygala tenuifolia root through inhibition of NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells

Aug 23, 2011Journal of ethnopharmacology

Polygala tenuifolia root reduces inflammation by blocking NF-κB activation in immune-like brain cells triggered by bacterial toxins

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Abstract

The water extract of Polygala tenuifolia root suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production in a dose-dependent manner.

The extract reduced the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) without causing cell damage.
It significantly decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2.
Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, were also significantly lowered.
WEPT inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB by blocking the degradation of IkappaB-α.
The extract decreased the expression of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in stimulated microglial cells.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd is a well-known traditional Oriental medicine and has been prescribed for treatment of dysfunction in memorial systems and various brain inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to validate the anti-inflammatory effects of the water extract of Polygala tenuifolia root (WEPT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-inflammatory properties of WEPT were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglia model. As inflammatory parameters, the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β were evaluated. We also examined the extract's effect on the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd-88) expression.

RESULTS: WEPT suppressed LPS-induced production of NO, PGE(2), and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, without causing cytotoxicity. It also significantly reduced generation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α. In addition, WEPT suppressed NF-κB translocation by blockade of IkappaB-α (IκB-α) degradation and inhibited TLR4 and Myd-88 expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.

CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of WEPT on LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediator production in BV2 microglia are associated with suppression of the NF-κB and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Therefore, Polygala tenuifolia extracts may be useful in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibition of inflammatory mediator production in activated microglia.

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Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygala tenuifolia root through inhibition of NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells

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