Arvicanthis ansorgei, a Novel Model for the Study of Sleep and Waking in Diurnal Rodents

Nov 20, 2014Sleep

Arvicanthis ansorgei as a new model to study sleep and wakefulness in daytime-active rodents

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Abstract

On average, Arvicanthis ansorgei spent 12.9 hours awake per 24-hour cycle.

Wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in Arvicanthis ansorgei displayed similar characteristics to those observed in nocturnal rodents.
The species exhibited a unique sleep pattern, with 6.88 hours of wakefulness occurring during the light period.
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep accounted for 9.63 hours, with 5.13 hours occurring during the dark period.
Crepuscular activity was prominent at the transitions between light and dark, indicating a distinct behavioral rhythm.
Under constant darkness, a dominant crepuscular regulation of sleep and waking was maintained, suggesting limited circadian influence without external cues.
Higher delta power was observed following periods of sustained wakefulness and a 6-hour sleep deprivation, confirming homeostatic regulation.

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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep neurobiology studies use nocturnal species, mainly rats and mice. However, because their daily sleep/wake organization is inverted as compared to humans, a diurnal model for sleep studies is needed. To fill this gap, we phenotyped sleep and waking in Arvicanthis ansorgei, a diurnal rodent widely used for the study of circadian rhythms.

DESIGN: Video-electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG) recordings.

SETTING: Rodent sleep laboratory.

PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen male Arvicanthis ansorgei, aged 3 mo.

INTERVENTIONS: 12 h light (L):12 h dark (D) baseline condition, 24-h constant darkness, 6-h sleep deprivation.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep showed similar electrophysiological characteristics as nocturnal rodents. On average, animals spent 12.9 h ± 0.4 awake per 24-h cycle, of which 6.88 h ± 0.3 was during the light period. NREM sleep accounted for 9.63 h ± 0.4, which of 5.13 h ± 0.2 during dark period, and REM sleep for 89.9 min ± 6.7, which of 52.8 min ± 4.4 during dark period. The time-course of sleep and waking across the 12 h light:12 h dark was overall inverted to that observed in rats or mice, though with larger amounts of crepuscular activity at light and dark transitions. A dominant crepuscular regulation of sleep and waking persisted under constant darkness, showing the lack of a strong circadian drive in the absence of clock reinforcement by external cues, such as a running wheel. Conservation of the homeostatic regulation was confirmed with the observation of higher delta power following sustained waking periods and a 6-h sleep deprivation, with subsequent decrease during recovery sleep.

CONCLUSIONS: Arvicanthis ansorgei is a valid diurnal rodent model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of sleep and so represents a valuable tool for further understanding the nocturnality/diurnality switch.

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Arvicanthis ansorgei, a Novel Model for the Study of Sleep and Waking in Diurnal Rodents

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