Asiatic Acid-Loaded Hydrogel Ameliorates Diabetic Periodontitis via Mitophagy-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization

Mar 2, 2026ACS omega

Gel with Asiatic Acid may Improve Diabetic Gum Disease by Helping Immune Cells Clear Damaged Mitochondria and Shift to Healing Mode

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Abstract

The AA@GO hydrogel significantly increased the M2/M1 polarization ratio in macrophages.

  • A bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis may exist, with shared pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Asiatic acid (AA) is a compound known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • The hybrid hydrogel AA@GO effectively enhances , reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and restores mitochondrial function in macrophages.
  • Macrophages treated with AA@GO showed a phenotype switch from M1 to M2, leading to reduced inflammation.
  • The findings suggest that modulating with AA@GO could offer a novel approach to treating diabetic periodontitis.

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Key numbers

17×
M2/M1 Polarization Ratio Increase
AA@GO hydrogel treatment led to a 17× increase in the M2/M1 ratio.
50%
Reduction in Alveolar Bone Loss
AA@GO treatment resulted in a 50% reduction in alveolar bone loss in diabetic periodontitis mice.

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