Automated analysis of sleep control via a single neuron active at sleep onset in C. elegans

Feb 3, 2016Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)

Automated study of sleep control by one neuron active at sleep start in C. elegans

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Abstract

Longitudinal analyses reveal that sleep induction in C. elegans relies on the single RIS interneuron.

Sleep is a long-term process influenced by developmental factors.
Both organism-level behavior and single-cell observations are necessary for understanding sleep mechanisms.
RIS interneuron plays a crucial role in inducing sleep behavior in C. elegans.
Automated methods were developed to analyze behavior and neural activity during the sleep-wake cycle.
Neural activity was imaged using GCaMP3 in select neurons, including RIS.

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Longitudinal analyses are crucial for understanding long-term processes such as development and behavioral rhythms. For a complete understanding of such processes, both organism-level observations as well as single-cell observations are necessary. Sleep is an example for a long-term process that is under developmental control. This behavioral state is induced by conserved sleep-active neurons, but little is known about how sleep neurons control the physiology of an animal systemically. In the nematode C. elegans, sleep induction crucially requires the single RIS interneuron to actively induce a developmentally regulated sleep behavior. Here, we used RIS-induced sleep as an example of how longitudinal analyses can be automated. We developed methods to analyze both behavior and neural activity in larva across the sleep-wake cycle. To image behavior, we used an improved DIC contrast to extract the head and detect the nose. To image neural activity, we used GCaMP3 expression in a small number of neurons including RIS combined with a neuron discrimination algorithm. Thus, we present a comprehensive platform for automatically analyzing behavior and neural activity in C. elegans exemplified by using RIS-induced sleep during C. elegans development.

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