Associations between Type of Bariatric Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Employment Outcomes, and Body Image Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oct 3, 2024Obesity facts

Links between different weight-loss surgeries and sleep apnea, work status, and body image satisfaction

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Abstract

Significantly lower remission rates were observed with compared to (RR = 0.91, p = 0.02).

Pooled analysis indicated lower OSA remission rates for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in both short-term and long-term follow-ups.
No significant difference in OSA remission was found between SG and RYGB in randomized clinical trials.
Adjustable gastric banding showed significantly lower OSA remission rates compared to SG.
No significant difference in employment status improvement was observed between SG and RYGB.
A narrative review found no significant differences in body image scores among different types of bariatric surgery.

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INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery has been shown to provide significant patient benefits in terms of weight loss and mitigation of obesity-linked comorbidities, as well as providing improvements in occupational productivity and patient quality of life. However, the choice of which bariatric surgery procedure provides the most patient benefit in each of these cases is still in question. In this review, we provide a systematic review, with the objective of evaluating associations between different bariatric surgery procedures and mitigation of obesity-linked comorbidities, improvement in occupational productivity, and patient quality of life, concentrating on three areas: (OSA), employment prospects, and body image.

METHODS: The CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched for eligible studies. Summary risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random-effects models. Thirty-three studies were included in this review, including 29 cohort studies and 4 randomised clinical trials (RCTs).

RESULTS: Pooled analysis of the observational studies showed significantly lower OSA remission in (SG) compared to (RYGB) across both short-term (1-2 years) and longer term (3+ years) follow-up periods (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84-0.99, p = 0.02; and RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.65-0.99, p = 0.03, respectively). In contrast, a meta-analysis of the RCT studies found no difference in OSA remission between SG and RYGB (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81-1.25, p = 0.93). An analysis of four studies showed significantly higher OSA remission for SG versus adjustable gastric banding (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.57-2.14, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed regarding improvement in employment status between SG and RYGB (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.32-1.87, p = 0.57). A narrative synthesis of studies on body image reported no significant differences between body image scores and surgery types.

CONCLUSION: This review found significantly lower OSA remission in SG as compared to RYGB across different follow-up periods, while no significant statistical difference was observed in RCT studies. Further studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness of the various bariatric surgeries in relation to improving employment status and body image, where primary studies are lacking.

Key numbers

0.91

Remission Rate (Short-term)

RR comparing to in short-term follow-up (1-2 years).

0.88

Remission Rate (Long-term)

RR comparing to in long-term follow-up (3+ years).

0.77

Employment Status Improvement

RR comparing employment outcomes between and .

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Associations between Type of Bariatric Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Employment Outcomes, and Body Image Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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