Biological aging explained by genes, proteins, and harmful molecules

Biological aging is characterized by the accumulation of molecular damage over time.

• Aging is primarily linked to survival beyond the essential lifespan, determined by genetic factors.
• Molecular damage arises from environmental influences, metabolic byproducts, errors in biochemical processes, and nutritional factors.
• Failures in maintenance and repair systems lead to cellular dysfunction and increased vulnerability to diseases.
• A unified theory of aging suggests that homeodynamics, influenced by genetics, environment, and chance, is central to the aging process.
• This theory may provide a framework for developing interventions aimed at preventing or modulating aging.

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