Biological clock and circadian rhythm of breast milk composition

Breast milk contains varying levels of cortisol and melatonin that may influence an infant's sleep-wake cycles.

• Breast milk provides essential nutrients and bioactive components that support infant health and development.
• The composition of breast milk varies throughout the day, potentially aligning with the baby's circadian rhythm.
• Daytime breast milk is associated with higher levels of cortisol and amino acids, which may promote daytime activity.
• Nighttime breast milk contains elevated levels of melatonin and tryptophan, which could support sleep regulation.
• Understanding the circadian rhythm of breast milk components may enhance maternal and infant health outcomes.
• Research on breast milk composition should consider regional differences to inform breastfeeding policies.

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