PloS one

Blood markers of long COVID: Levels of key immune signals and how inflammation is linked

Updated

Abstract

Dysregulation of immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic processes is associated with Long COVID, which presents a varied symptom profile.

  • Long COVID is characterized by a complex combination of symptoms and underlying pathophysiological changes.
  • Immunological and inflammatory responses may be disrupted in individuals with Long COVID.
  • Endothelial and vascular dysfunction is possibly linked to the severity of Long COVID symptoms.
  • Metabolic and clotting processes could also be altered in those suffering from Long COVID.
  • There is currently no clinically validated diagnostic biomarker for Long COVID.

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