Blood Pressure Change and Risk of Hypertension Associated With Parental HypertensionThe Johns Hopkins Precursors Study

Mar 26, 2008Archives of internal medicine

Blood pressure changes and risk of high blood pressure linked to parents’ history of hypertension

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Abstract

Men with hypertension in both parents have a 20.0-fold higher risk of developing hypertension by age 35.

Participants with parental hypertension exhibited significantly higher baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.
The annual increase in systolic blood pressure was slightly greater in those with parental hypertension, averaging 0.03 mm Hg per year.
Maternal hypertension alone was associated with a 1.5 times increased risk of developing hypertension, while paternal hypertension was linked to a 1.8 times increased risk.
Having hypertension in both parents was associated with a 2.4 times increased risk of hypertension compared to those without parental hypertension.
Early-onset hypertension in both parents resulted in a 6.2-fold higher risk of developing hypertension throughout adult life.

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BACKGROUND: Parental hypertension is used to classify hypertension risk in young adults, but the long-term association of parental hypertension with blood pressure (BP) change and risk of hypertension over the adult life span has not been well studied.

METHODS: We examined the association of parental hypertension with BP change and hypertension risk from young adulthood through the ninth decade of life in a longitudinal cohort of 1160 male former medical students with 54 years of follow-up.

RESULTS: In mixed-effects models using 29 867 BP measurements, mean systolic and diastolic BP readings were significantly higher at baseline among participants with parental hypertension. The rate of annual increase was slightly higher for systolic (0.03 mm Hg, P= .04), but not diastolic, BP in those with parental hypertension. After adjustment for baseline systolic and diastolic BP and time-dependent covariates--body mass index, alcohol consumption, coffee drinking, physical activity, and cigarette smoking--the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of hypertension development was 1.5 (1.2-2.0) for men with maternal hypertension only, 1.8 (1.4-2.4) for men with paternal hypertension only, and 2.4 (1.8-3.2) for men with hypertension in both parents compared with men whose parents never developed hypertension. Early-onset (at age <or=55 years) hypertension in both parents imparted a 6.2-fold higher adjusted risk (95% CI, 3.6-10.7) for the development of hypertension throughout adult life and a 20.0-fold higher adjusted risk (95% CI, 8.4-47.9) at the age of 35 years.

CONCLUSION: Hypertension in both mothers and fathers has a strong independent association with elevated BP levels and incident hypertension over the course of adult life.

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Blood Pressure Change and Risk of Hypertension Associated With Parental HypertensionThe Johns Hopkins Precursors Study

Abstract

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