Comparison of a Body Temperature Wearable Device With Gastrointestinal Thermometry During a Warm-Weather Road Race

Aug 25, 2025Journal of strength and conditioning research

Comparing a Body Temperature Wearable With Internal Temperature During a Hot Weather Road Race

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Abstract

The wearable body temperature device showed a high, positive relationship with gastrointestinal temperature (CCC = 0.70) during a warm-weather road race.

During the race, poor agreement was observed between the wearable device and gastrointestinal temperature.
At race finish, the wearable device exhibited a low, positive relationship with gastrointestinal temperature (CCC = 0.30).
The wearable device maintained acceptable limits of agreement (±0.27°C) compared to gastrointestinal temperature during exercise.
The device reported the widest limits of agreement in the race finish analyses.
Validation of the device is necessary for higher internal body temperatures (>39.5°C) across diverse populations and conditions.
Current findings indicate the device is not suitable for medical use or diagnosing exertional heat stroke.

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Kaufman, CE, Szymanski, MR, Brewer, GJ, Stearns, RL, Casa, DJ, and Huggins, RA. Comparison of a body temperature wearable device with gastrointestinal thermometry during a warm-weather road race. J Strength Cond Res 39(11): e1287-e1294, 2025-To compare estimated measures of a wearable body temperature device with gastrointestinal temperature during and at the finish of a road race. Fourteen recreational runners ([ n = 9 men, n = 5 women] [mean ± SD ] age: 48 ± 14 years, V̇O 2 peak: 47.66 ± 8.21 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) were recruited. The wearable body temperature device and gastrointestinal temperature were measured and compared throughout the duration of the race and at race finish ( p < 0.05). During race: Poor agreement and a high, positive relationship (Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient [CCC] = 0.70, 95% Limits of Agreement [LOA] ± 0.94° C, r = 0.78) were noted between the wearable body temperature device and gastrointestinal temperature. No interaction was exhibited between time and device ( p = 0.087). At race finish: Poor agreement and a low, positive relationship (CCC = 0.30, 95% LOA±1.20° C, r = 0.43) were noted between the wearable body temperature device and gastrointestinal temperature. During continuous exercise in a warm weather race, the wearable body temperature device was within the acceptable limits (±0.27° C) compared with gastrointestinal temperature. The wearable body temperature device reported the widest LOA in the race finish analyses. Typical error of estimate suggests that the mean bias values may be attributed to error. Further validation is crucial in higher internal body temperatures (>39.5° C) in varying populations, environments, and intensities both pre- and postexercise Currently, this device is not acceptable for medical use or clinical diagnosis of exertional heat stroke. Medical personnel (e.g., athletic trainers, team physicians) and additional personnel (e.g., coaches, military officers, safety managers) can benefit from valid, continuous, real-time internal body temperature monitoring in the heat.

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Comparison of a Body Temperature Wearable Device With Gastrointestinal Thermometry During a Warm-Weather Road Race

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