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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) by transferring critical biological molecules.
- EVs mediate the transfer of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids among various cell types in the CNS.
- The interactions of EV ligands and protein coronas with receptors influence their cellular uptake and subsequent intracellular fate.
- Different fates of EVs include lysosomal degradation, recycling, cytosolic delivery, or transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
- In pathological conditions, EVs can spread harmful proteins and enhance neuroinflammation.
- Specific proteins, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans and LDL receptor family members, play a role in managing tau, alpha-synuclein, and amyloid-beta.
- Endosomal escape is identified as a significant barrier to effective nucleic acid delivery in therapeutic applications.
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