Calcium‑sensing receptor promotes high glucose‑induced myocardial fibrosis via upregulation of the TGF‑β1/Smads pathway in cardiac fibroblasts

Jun 8, 2019Molecular medicine reports

Calcium-sensing receptor may increase heart tissue scarring caused by high blood sugar through the TGF-β1/Smads pathway in heart support cells

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Abstract

In type 1 diabetic rats, evident collagen (Col)‑I and ‑III deposition was observed after 12 weeks.

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression increased in cardiac fibroblasts from diabetic rats.
High-glucose conditions and CaSR activation were associated with elevated levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 and other signaling molecules.
Inhibition of CaSR reduced intracellular calcium levels and the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts.
The findings suggest that CaSR may play a role in the development of myocardial fibrosis in diabetes.

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes and myocardial fibrosis is its major pathological feature. Calcium‑sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein‑coupled receptor and participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis; it is implicated in a range of diseases, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction and pulmonary hypertension. However, whether CaSR is associated with myocardial fibrosis in DCM has remained elusive. In the present study, type 1 diabetic (T1D) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were used to observe changes in CaSR to assess its potential as an indicator of myocardial fibrosis. The in vivo experiments revealed that in the T1D and CaSR agonist (R568) groups, evident collagen (Col)‑I and ‑III deposition was present after 12 weeks. Furthermore, the in vitro experiment indicated that the levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1, phosphorylated (p‑) protein kinase C, p‑p38, p‑Smad2, TβRI, TβRII, along with the intracellular Ca2+ levels and the content of TGF‑β1 in the culture medium were significantly increased in a high‑glucose (HG) group and an R568‑treated group. Treatment with the CaSR inhibitor Calhex231 significantly inhibited the abovementioned changes. Collectively, the results indicated that the increase of CaSR expression in CFs may induce intracellular Ca2+ increases and the activation of TGF‑β1/Smads, and enhance the proliferation of CFs, along with the excessive deposition of Col, resulting in myocardial fibrosis. The present results indicate an important novel mechanism for HG‑induced myocardial fibrosis and suggest that CaSR may be a promising potential therapeutic target for DCM.

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Calcium‑sensing receptor promotes high glucose‑induced myocardial fibrosis via upregulation of the TGF‑β1/Smads pathway in cardiac fibroblasts

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