CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic and solid malignancies: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions

Six CAR-T-cell therapies have been authorized, demonstrating exceptional effectiveness, particularly for B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma.

• CAR T-cell therapy involves genetic modification of T cells to target and eliminate tumor cells.
• This approach may minimize off-target effects by specifically targeting tumor antigens.
• CAR T-cell therapy is associated with solid tumor infiltration and durable responses.
• Challenges such as cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity complicate its application.
• Difficulties in targeting solid tumors stem from unreliable antigens and immunosuppressive environments.
• Innovative strategies are needed to enhance CAR T-cell efficacy and reduce toxicity.

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