Cardiovascular outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes

Jul 3, 2021European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy

Heart and blood vessel health with GLP-1 drugs compared to SGLT-2 drugs in people with type 2 diabetes

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Abstract

Among 14,188 patients with type 2 diabetes, the standardized 3-year risk for composite cardiovascular outcomes was 5.6% for both GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors.

No significant differences in cardiovascular outcomes were observed between patients initiating GLP-1 receptor agonists and those starting SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Cardiovascular mortality rates were similar, at 1.6% for GLP-1RA users and 1.5% for SGLT-2i users.
Hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 1.7% of GLP-1RA users and 1.8% of SGLT-2i users.
Myocardial infarction rates were identical at 2.1% for both treatment groups.
Stroke rates were also comparable, with 2.5% for GLP-1RA and 2.6% for SGLT-2i.

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AIMS: We examined cardiovascular outcomes associated with initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) vs. sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) treatment in a real-world setting among patients with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS AND RESULTS: This Danish nationwide registry-based cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes with a first-ever prescription of either GLP-1RA or SGLT-2i from 2013 through 2015 with follow-up until end of 2018. All analyses were standardized with respect to age, sex, diabetes duration, comorbidity, and comedication. The main outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Furthermore, the components of the composite outcome and hospitalization for heart failure were evaluated. Standardized average 3-year risks of outcomes and differences thereof were estimated using doubly robust estimation combining cause-specific Cox regression with propensity score regression. We identified 8913 new users of GLP-1RA and 5275 new users of SGLT-2i. The standardized 3-year risk associated with initiating GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i, respectively, was as follows: composite cardiovascular outcome, 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.2-6.1] vs. 5.6% (95% CI: 4.8-6.3); cardiovascular mortality, 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3-1.9) vs. 1.5% (95% CI: 1.1-1.8); hospitalization for heart failure, 1.7% (95% CI: 1.5-2.0) vs. 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2-2.5); myocardial infarction, 2.1% (95% CI: 1.8-2.4) vs. 2.1% (95% CI: 1.5-2.6); and stroke, 2.5% (95% CI: 2.2-2.9) vs. 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2-3.1).

CONCLUSION: In this nationwide study of patients with type 2 diabetes, initiating GLP-1RA vs. SGLT-2i was not found to be associated with significant differences in cardiovascular risk.

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Cardiovascular outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes

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