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The cardiovascular safety trials of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors
Heart safety trials of three types of diabetes medicines: DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors
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Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showed no overall effect on cardiovascular outcomes but one, saxagliptin, increased the risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
- DPP-4 inhibitors did not reduce or increase the risk of primary cardiovascular outcomes.
- Saxagliptin was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure.
- Alogliptin showed inconsistent effects on heart failure hospitalization across different patient subgroups.
- Sitagliptin had no significant effect on heart failure hospitalization.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists showed mixed effects on cardiovascular outcomes, with liraglutide and semaglutide reducing risk while lixisenatide showed no change.
- Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reduced the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoints, mainly by lowering cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalization.
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