A chitosan-coated PCL/nano-hydroxyapatite aerogel integrated with a nanofiber membrane for providing antibacterial activity and guiding bone regeneration

May 7, 2024Nanoscale

Chitosan-coated scaffold with nanofibers for killing bacteria and supporting bone growth

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Regenerative Health on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

A composite scaffold demonstrated excellent osteogenic and antibacterial properties for guided bone regeneration.

The scaffold features a porous loose layer made of polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite aerogel and a dense nanofiber membrane layer.
Chitosan solution in the middle layer provides mechanical support and enhances antibacterial properties.
Cytocompatibility tests showed superior cell activity for fibroblasts on the dense layer and osteoblasts on the loose layer.
The dense layer effectively inhibits fibroblast infiltration into the loose layer.
Bone mesenchymal stem cells exhibited enhanced bone induction ability on the PCL/n-HA aerogel, indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity.
The loose structure promotes the infiltration and migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells, supporting better osteogenesis.

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A guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane can act as a barrier to prevent the invasion and interference from foreign soft tissues, promoting infiltration and proliferation of osteoblasts in the bone defect area. Herein, a composite scaffold with dual functions of osteogenesis and antibacterial effects was prepared for GBR. A polycaprolactone (PCL)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) aerogel produced by electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques was fabricated as the loose layer of the scaffold, while a PCL nanofiber membrane was used as the dense layer. Chitosan (CS) solution served as a middle layer to provide mechanical support and antibacterial effects between the two layers. Morphological results showed that the loose layer had a porous structure with n-HA successfully dispersed in the aerogels, while the dense layer possessed a sufficiently dense structure.antibacterial experiments illustrated that the CS solution in the middle layer stabilized the scaffold structure and endowed the scaffold with good antibacterial properties. The cytocompatibility results indicated that both fibroblasts and osteoblasts exhibited superior cell activity on the dense and loose layers, respectively. In particular, the dense layer made of nanofibers could work as a barrier layer to inhibit the infiltration of fibroblasts into the loose layer.osteogenesis analysis suggested that the PCL/n-HA aerogel could enhance the bone induction ability of bone mesenchymal stem cells, which was confirmed by the increased expression of the alkaline phosphatase activity. The loose structure facilitated the infiltration and migration of bone mesenchymal stem cells for better osteogenesis. In summary, such a composite scaffold exhibited excellent osteogenic and antibacterial properties as well as the barrier effect, thus holding promising potential for use as GBR materials. In vitro In vitro

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A chitosan-coated PCL/nano-hydroxyapatite aerogel integrated with a nanofiber membrane for providing antibacterial activity and guiding bone regeneration

Abstract

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