Prevention of cholesterol gallstone disease by schaftoside in lithogenic diet-induced C57BL/6 mouse model

Oct 11, 2017European journal of pharmacology

Schaftoside may prevent cholesterol gallstones in mice fed a high-fat diet

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Abstract

Mice fed Schaftoside (SS) showed a significant reduction in cholesterol gallstone formation.

SS intake resulted in lower cholesterol saturation index in bile.
Mice exhibited increased levels of bile salts and decreased cholesterol in their bile.
Serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels were also reduced in the SS-fed group.
Increased expression of genes related to cholesterol and bile metabolism was observed in the liver and ileum.
SS demonstrated protective effects against liver damage as assessed histologically.

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Schaftoside (SS) is a bioactive compound present in the Herba Desmodii Styracifolii (DS), a herb that has been used to treat cholelithiasis and urolithiasis in Chinese medicine. Whether SS inhibits cholesterol (Ch) gallstone formation has not been investigated. This study examined the effects of oral intake of SS on Ch gallstone formation in C57BL/6 mice fed a lithogenic diet. The rate of gallstone formation was recorded. Levels of Ch, triglycerides (TG) and bile salts (BS) were measured in the bile and serum. Liver histopathology was examined microscopically, and mRNA expression levels of key genes involved in cholesterol and bile metabolism were determined by qPCR. Mice fed SS were protected against gallstone formation, had increased biliary levels of BS, and reduced biliary Ch levels, resulting in a lower Ch saturation index (CSI). In addition, mice fed SS had lower serum TG and Ch levels, increased mRNA expression of liver X receptor α, ATP binding cassette transporter 5/8 (ABCG5/8), and ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP) in the ileum, and of farnesoid X receptor and bile salt export protein (BSEP) in the liver and ileum. SS also protected against histologically determined liver damage. Overall, these data indicate that SS protects against Ch gallstone formation in mice, and that the effect is mediated by activation of ileal liver X receptor α and hepatic farnesoid X receptor.

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Prevention of cholesterol gallstone disease by schaftoside in lithogenic diet-induced C57BL/6 mouse model

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