Chronic kidney disease and high eGFR according to body composition phenotype in adults with normal BMI

Oct 26, 2016Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD

Chronic kidney disease and high kidney filtration rates linked to body composition types in adults with normal weight

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Abstract

Among 10,734 adults with normal body mass index, sarcopenic obesity is associated with a 59% increased odds of chronic kidney disease.

Sarcopenia alone is present in 14.3% and obesity alone in 16.0% of adults with normal BMI.
Sarcopenic obesity occurs in 10.7% of this population.
The relationship between sarcopenia alone and high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is J-shaped.
Sarcopenic obesity shows a U-shaped relationship with high eGFR.
Sarcopenia alone and sarcopenic obesity are associated with elevated odds for high eGFR (OR: 1.87 and OR: 2.37, respectively).

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Body composition contributes to the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and glomerular hyperfiltration. In adults with normal body mass index (BMI), the relationships of body composition with CKD and high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are largely unknown.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 10,734 adults from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), whose body mass index (BMI) was within the normal range (18.5-24.9 kg/m). Body composition was categorized into four phenotypes (normal, sarcopenia alone, obesity alone, and sarcopenic obesity) based on appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and total body fat percentage (TBF%) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We examined the relationship of CKD and high eGFR (eGFR ≥ 120 ml/min per 1.73 m) with body composition phenotypes. Sarcopenia alone (14.3%), obesity alone (16.0%), and sarcopenic obesity (10.7%) were prevalent. The association between sarcopenia alone and eGFR was J-shaped, while that between sarcopenic obesity and eGFR was U-shaped. In multivariate logistic regression analysis compared with the normal phenotype, sarcopenic obesity had an elevated odds ratio (OR) for CKD (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16-2.19). Sarcopenia alone (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.41-2.47) and sarcopenic obesity (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.68-3.36) had elevated OR for high eGFR. 2 2

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that decreased muscle mass and coexistence with excess adiposity show associations with CKD and high eGFR even in adults with normal BMI. Body composition measured by DXA could provide information on the relationship of body composition with CKD and high eGFR.

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Chronic kidney disease and high eGFR according to body composition phenotype in adults with normal BMI

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