Circadian rhythm of adrenal glucocorticoid: Its regulation and clinical implications

The daily rhythm of glucocorticoid levels is influenced by multiple regulatory mechanisms beyond the traditional HPA axis.

• Glucocorticoids (GC) are involved in regulating metabolism, immune response, cardiovascular activity, and brain function.
• GC levels exhibit a significant daily variation, peaking at the start of the active period each day.
• Recent findings highlight the role of the molecular circadian clock in regulating the daily rhythm of GC levels.
• Abnormal GC levels are associated with various human diseases that often present with disrupted GC rhythmicity and circadian-related symptoms.
• Understanding the circadian regulation of adrenal GC may provide insights into its impact on human health and disease.

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