Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism

Mar 14, 2024Circulation research

Daily Rhythms in Heart and Blood Vessel Metabolism

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Abstract

Daily fluctuations in energetic demand and nutrient supply are associated with 24-hour changes in cardiovascular parameters.

Metabolic processes vary throughout the day to meet the body's needs for energy and building blocks.
Cardiovascular functional parameters, such as blood pressure and heart rate, exhibit rhythmic changes that align with daily cycles.
Cells related to cardiovascular function utilize internal circadian clocks to regulate metabolic pathways in anticipation of daily stimuli.
Circadian misalignment or disruption may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease.

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Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.

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Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism

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