The New phytologistSep 12, 2025

A daily gene network and EARLY FLOWERING 3 influence aging and grain nutrition timing in bread wheat

Circadian Biology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗OA ↗

Updated Jun 27, 2026

Abstract

Essence

variation in bread wheat was linked to senescence timing and grain protein content.

Evidence

This plant genetics study phenotyped elite wheat cultivars, assigned circadian multilocus genotypes, compared mature and senescent leaf transcriptomes by RNA sequencing, and tested ELF3-D1 deletion near-isogenic lines.

Caveat

The cultivar associations and NIL tests support a functional role for ELF3-D1, but the abstract does not show how broadly the subnetwork effects generalize across environments or wheat backgrounds.

Simplified

Circadian clocks control daily and seasonal timing of physiology and development. Because of their influence on photoperiodic flowering, variants in genes have been selected for phenology during domestication of cereal crops. To explore the potential impact of this genetic variation on circadian-regulated traits, we investigated the relationship between the circadian clock and in hexaploid bread wheat. We phenotyped a collection of elite wheat cultivars for circadian rhythms, senescence and grain nutrition and used genotypes of multiple circadian clock genes to assign cultivars to circadian multilocus genotypes (MLGs). We compared the circadian-regulated transcriptomes in mature and senescent leaves by RNA sequencing and used near-isogenic lines (NILs) of a deletion in EARLY FLOWERING 3-D1 (ELF3-D1), a known phenology locus, to test for a functional contribution to the timing of senescence and grain protein content (GPC). We detected variation in circadian rhythms between wheat cultivars, which was significantly associated with the timing of senescence. We revealed substantial reorganisation of the circadian-regulated transcriptome during senescence and identified a transcriptional subnetwork representing a link between the circadian oscillator and regulators of leaf senescence. NILs of an ELF3-D1 deletion confirmed a significant effect on the timing of senescence and GPC. Our results demonstrate an important role for the circadian clock in controlling the timing of senescence in wheat, which highlights potential consequences of circadian clock genes selected for phenology on other valuable crop traits.

Key numbers

10.3 d

Mean difference in senescence timing

Maximum mean difference in across cultivars.

0.5 h

shortening

Mean difference in senescent vs. mature flag leaves.

Full Text

We can’t show the full text here under this license.

View Full Text ↗

A daily gene network and EARLY FLOWERING 3 influence aging and grain nutrition timing in bread wheat

Abstract

Key numbers

Full Text

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Recent issues from the circadian biology brief