Effectiveness and safety of spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery using agreed key outcomes and patient-informed measures

Spinal anaesthesia is associated with a 59% lower risk of acute kidney injury compared to general anaesthesia in hip fracture surgery.

• There was no significant difference in the risk of delirium between spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia.
• Mortality rates were similar for spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia at various time points: in-hospital, 30 days, and 90 days.
• Spinal anaesthesia reduced the risk of acute kidney injury compared to general anaesthesia.
• Few studies reported outcomes defined by patient and public involvement, with most focusing on one to three core outcomes.
• Overall, except for acute kidney injury, no differences were found between spinal and general anaesthesia regarding key outcomes.

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