Thinking abilities and factors affecting them in older adults living alone versus with family in China

Cognitive function was best among empty-nest elderly living as a couple and worst among those living alone.

• Empty-nest elderly living alone had poorer cognitive function compared to both empty-nest elderly living as a couple and non-empty-nest elderly.
• Older age, rural living, difficulties with daily activities, and depression are associated with cognitive decline.
• Higher education is linked to better cognitive function.
• Among non-empty-nest elderly, poorer cognitive function is observed in those who are divorced, widowed, or never married, underweight, or economically active.
• Having two or more chronic diseases and being overweight may be associated with better cognitive function in empty-nest elderly living as a couple.

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