American journal of human geneticsMay 29, 2018

Gene activity influenced by genetic variants in thinking areas of the brain linked to schizophrenia risk

Circadian Biology Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Apr 4, 2026

Abstract

In a study of post-mortem human brain samples (n = 467), 63% of genes with primary expression signals also exhibit additional conditional expression signals.

Integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data can enhance the identification of causal genes.
Analyzing conditional eQTL signatures may improve the fine mapping of GWAS associations by providing context-specific regulatory insights.
Genomic features linked to conditional eQTL suggest they are regulated by specific cellular environments or developmental stages.
Integration of GWAS data for schizophrenia with eQTL data identified 40 loci with strong co-localization evidence, including six with conditional signals.
Analysis supports previously known genes associated with schizophrenia and highlights novel genes that may contribute to risk.

Simplified

Causal genes and variants within genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci can be identified by integrating GWAS statistics with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and determining which variants underlie both GWAS and eQTL signals. Most analyses, however, consider only the marginal eQTL signal, rather than dissect this signal into multiple conditionally independent signals for each gene. Here we show that analyzing conditional eQTL signatures, which could be important under specific cellular or temporal contexts, leads to improved fine mapping of GWAS associations. Using genotypes and gene expression levels from post-mortem human brain samples (n = 467) reported by the CommonMind Consortium (CMC), we find that conditional eQTL are widespread; 63% of genes with primary eQTL also have conditional eQTL. In addition, genomic features associated with conditional eQTL are consistent with context-specific (e.g., tissue-, cell type-, or developmental time point-specific) regulation of gene expression. Integrating the 2014 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium schizophrenia (SCZ) GWAS and CMC primary and conditional eQTL data reveals 40 loci with strong evidence for co-localization (posterior probability > 0.8), including six loci with co-localization of conditional eQTL. Our co-localization analyses support previously reported genes, identify novel genes associated with schizophrenia risk, and provide specific hypotheses for their functional follow-up.

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Gene activity influenced by genetic variants in thinking areas of the brain linked to schizophrenia risk

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