Synergistic Copper‐Coordination/Glutathione Reduction Drives an In Situ Type II‐to‐Type I Photodynamic Switch in Iridium‐Based Photosensitizer Nanocomposites for Potentiated Cancer Immunotherapy

Aug 18, 2025Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

Copper and Glutathione Work Together to Change Iridium-Based Light-Activated Nanoparticles, Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy

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Abstract

Ir1@FA@MOFs demonstrate high tumor growth inhibition in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.

  • Tumor microenvironment-adaptive nanoparticles enable oxygen-independent photodynamic therapy (PDT).
  • An engineered Ir(III) complex allows switching between oxygen-dependent and hypoxia-tolerant PDT modes.
  • The nanoplatform depletes glutathione and generates reactive oxygen species under light irradiation.
  • Mechanistic studies indicate that the nanoparticles induce various forms of cell death through mitochondrial damage.
  • The treatment converts 'cold' tumors into immunogenic hotspots, enhancing immune response.

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