Population-based cohort study assessing the effectiveness of maternal BNT162b2/mRNA-1273 vaccination against infant coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes during Omicron predominance: The VENUS study

Nov 18, 2025Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics

How COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy May Protect Infants from Coronavirus Outcomes During the Omicron Period

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Abstract

Among 613 infants studied, the (VE) of maternal third doses during pregnancy against COVID-19 infection was 71%.

  • Maternal COVID-19 vaccination status was categorized into four groups: unvaccinated, second dose before pregnancy, second dose during pregnancy, and third dose during pregnancy.
  • Fifty-one infants developed COVID-19 infections, with three hospitalizations limited to those in the unvaccinated and second-dose-before-pregnancy groups.
  • The VE for the second dose during pregnancy was 1%, indicating limited effectiveness against infection.
  • In contrast, the VE for the third dose during pregnancy was 71%, suggesting a significant potential benefit for infants.
  • The study was conducted during the period of Omicron variant predominance.

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Key numbers

71%
of Third Dose
Effectiveness against COVID-19 infection for infants whose mothers received a third dose during pregnancy.
1%
of Second Dose
Effectiveness against COVID-19 infection for infants whose mothers received a second dose during pregnancy.
3
Infant Hospitalizations
Total number of hospitalizations among infants during the study.

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