Changes in spinal fluid and blood markers across Alzheimer's stages using NF-L, p-tau181, and GFAP levels

A total of 173 individuals were evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples.

• Significant correlations were found between CSF and plasma levels of Aβ42/40, p-tau181, p-tau231, NF-L, and GFAP.
• No correlation was observed between CSF and plasma levels of t-tau and UCHL-1.
• CSF p-tau231 and SNAP-25, along with plasma Aβ42/40, p-tau231, and GFAP, best discriminated between controls and preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
• Aβ42/Aβ40, GFAP, and p-tau231 in plasma demonstrated the largest rate of change at cut-offs defined by CSF biomarkers for amyloidosis and tauopathy.
• GFAP, NF-L, and p-tau181 were most significantly associated with disease progression in both CSF and plasma.

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