Risk of depression with GLP ‐1 receptor agonists use in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes: A new‐user, active‐comparator cohort study

Sep 29, 2025Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Risk of depression linked to GLP-1 receptor agonist use in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes

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Abstract

GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with a 2.2% higher incidence of depression compared to in a cohort of 51,408 patients.

  • Overall depression incidence was 17.0% in GLP-1 RA users versus 14.8% in SGLT2i users.
  • The hazard ratio for increased depression risk with GLP-1 RAs compared to SGLT2is was 1.09.
  • The association with increased depression risk was stronger in adults aged 65 years and older, with a hazard ratio of 1.15.
  • The increased risk of depression plateaued after approximately 6 months of treatment.
  • In secondary analysis, GLP-1 RA use was linked to a lower rate of all-cause mortality, with a hazard ratio of 0.74.

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Key numbers

1.09
Increase in Depression Risk
Hazard ratio comparing GLP-1 RA to SGLT2i users.
2.2%
Absolute Risk Difference
Absolute risk difference over one year.
17.0%
Depression Incidence
Incidence of depression in GLP-1 RA group.

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