Dietary diversity score and the acceleration of biological aging: a population-based study of 88,039 participants

May 29, 2024The journal of nutrition, health & aging

More varied diets linked to slower biological aging in 88,039 people

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Abstract

In a study of 88,039 individuals, dietary diversity score (DDS) was inversely associated with biological age acceleration.

Each 1-point increase in DDS is linked to a 4.4% lower risk of accelerated biological aging measured by KDM and a 5.6% lower risk as per PhenoAge.
Increased consumption of grains, vegetables, and fruits is associated with slower biological aging.
Higher intake of meat and protein alternatives is associated with faster biological aging.
Stronger associations between DDS and biological age acceleration were observed in males, smokers, and drinkers.
A non-linear relationship exists between DDS and the risk of biological age acceleration.

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OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to investigate the association of dietary diversity score (DDS), as reflected by five dietary categories, with biological age acceleration.

DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study included 88,039 individuals from the UK Biobank.

METHODS: Biological age (BA) was assessed using Klemerae-Doubal (KDM) and PhenoAge methods. The difference between BA and chronological age represents the age acceleration (AgeAccel), termed as "KDMAccel" and "PhenoAgeAccel". AgeAccel > 0 indicates faster aging. Generalized linear regression models were performed to assess the associations of DDS with AgeAccel. Similar analyses were performed for the five dietary categories.

RESULTS: After adjusting for multiple variables, DDS was inversely associated with KDMAccel (β= -0.403, 95%CI: -0.492 to -0.314, P < 0.001) and PhenoAgeAccel (β= -0.545, 95%CI: -0.641 to -0.450, P < 0.001). Each 1-point increment in the DDS was associated with a 4.4% lower risk of KDMAccel and a 5.6% lower risk of PhenoAgeAccel. The restricted cubic spline plots demonstrated a non-linear dose-response association between DDS and the risk of AgeAccel. The consumption of grains (β = -0.252, β = -0.197), vegetables (β = -0.044, β = -0.077) and fruits (β = -0.179, β = -0.219) was inversely associated with the two AgeAccel, while meat and protein alternatives (β = 0.091, β = 0.054) had a positive association (All P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed stronger accelerated aging effects in males, smokers, and drinkers. A strengthening trend in the association between DDS and AgeAccel as TDI quartiles increased was noted. High vs Low High vs Low KDMAccel PhenoAgeAccel KDMAccel PhenoAgeAccel KDMAccel PhenoAgeAccel KDMAccel PhenoAgeAccel

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that food consumption plays a role in aging process, and adherence to a higher diversity dietary is associated with the slowing down of the aging process.

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Dietary diversity score and the acceleration of biological aging: a population-based study of 88,039 participants

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