Dietary intake and different types of physical activity: full-day energy expenditure, occupational and leisure-time

Dec 7, 2007Public health nutrition

How Eating and Different Physical Activities Relate to Daily Energy Use at Work and During Free Time

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Abstract

Males who were active had a mean energy intake of 10.76 MJ/d compared to 9.78 MJ/d for sedentary males.

Active males consumed lower percentages of their energy from protein compared to sedentary males.
The relationship between total physical activity and energy intake remained significant after adjusting for age, education, and body mass index.
A positive association was found between physical activity and vitamin C intake in both genders.
Leisure-time physical activity in females was linked to higher intakes of fibre, vitamin E, folate, calcium, and magnesium.
In females, leisure-time activity was also associated with lower intakes of saturated fat.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between dietary intake and different levels and types of physical activity (PA).

DESIGN: Cross-sectional evaluation of the EPIPorto study. Energy expenditure (metabolic energy equivalent tasks) and dietary intake during the past year were assessed using a PA questionnaire and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, respectively.

SETTING: Representative sample of adults in Porto, Portugal.

SUBJECTS: Data were analysed for 2404 Portuguese Caucasian adults, aged between 18 and 92 years.

RESULTS: For total PA, males who were active had significantly higher mean intake of energy (10.76 (2570.7) vs. 9.78 (2336.9) MJ/d (kcal/d), P < 0.001) and lower level of protein consumption (16.9 vs. 17.6 % of energy, P < 0.001) compared with sedentary males. In males, the association between total PA and energy intake remained after adjustment for age, education and body mass index. Similar results were observed when occupational activity was analysed. Concerning the energy expended in leisure time, in both genders, after adjustment for the previously described variables, a significant positive association was found between PA and intake of vitamin C (g/d): beta = 0.12, 99 % confidence interval (CI) 0.02, 0.21 for females and beta = 0.13, 99 % CI 0.03, 0.22 for males. Leisure-time activity in females was also positively associated with intakes of fibre, vitamin E, folate, calcium and magnesium, and negatively associated with saturated fat.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of PA in leisure time were associated with higher intakes of micronutrients and lower intakes of saturated fat, particularly in females. For total and occupational PA, similar nutrient intake was observed between active and sedentary individuals.

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Dietary intake and different types of physical activity: full-day energy expenditure, occupational and leisure-time

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