Dietary Modulation of Migraine: Metabolic, Neuroinflammatory and Microbiota-Mediated Mechanisms

Current evidence suggests that dietary interventions may reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.

• Migraine is associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may lead to increased cortical excitability and oxidative stress.
• The gut microbiota may influence migraine susceptibility through its effects on inflammation and neurotransmitter production.
• Specific diets, such as ketogenic and low-carbohydrate diets, could modulate metabolic pathways and gut microbiota composition.
• Available data indicate that diet may serve as an adjunctive strategy for migraine prevention, although the evidence is heterogeneous.
• Limitations in the current research include small sample sizes and a lack of standardized protocols and long-term follow-up.

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