Dose-response relationship between dietary nitrate intake and nitric oxide congeners in various blood compartments and skeletal muscle: Differential effects on skeletal muscle torque and velocity

Jan 26, 2025Free radical biology & medicine

How different amounts of dietary nitrate affect nitric oxide levels in blood and muscle, and their varying impact on muscle strength and speed

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Abstract

Plasma nitrate and nitrite increase in a dose-dependent manner following nitric oxide ingestion.

Plasma and skeletal muscle levels of nitric oxide and whole blood S-nitrosothiols increased with higher doses of nitric oxide.
No significant increase in skeletal muscle nitric oxide was observed at any dose.
Resting blood pressure significantly decreased only after ingestion of 19.2 mmol nitric oxide.
Ingestion of 12.8 mmol and 19.2 mmol nitric oxide significantly enhanced muscle contractile torque compared to placebo.
A lower dose of 6.4 mmol nitric oxide improved muscle contractile velocity compared to placebo.

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Plasma nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO) increase in a dose-dependent manner following NOingestion. To explore if the same dose-response relationship applies to other nitric oxide (NO) congeners in different blood compartments and skeletal muscle, as well as the subsequent physiological responses, we provided 11 healthy participants with NOdepleted beetroot juice (placebo), and beetroot juice (BR) containing 6.4, 12.8 and 19.2 mmol NOin a randomised, crossover design. Blood and muscle samples were collected, and resting blood pressure (BP) was assessed, before and at 2.5-3 h post-ingestion. Muscle contractile function was assessed using a 5-min all-out maximal voluntary isometric knee extension test at 3.5 h post-ingestion. We found that plasma and skeletal muscle [NO], and whole blood S-nitrosothiols ([RSNOs]) increased dose-dependently, while plasma [NO] did not increase further with doses above 6.4 mmol NO. No significant increases in skeletal muscle [NO] were found following ingestion of any of these doses. Resting BP was only reduced after ingestion of 19.2 mmol NO. Mean peak torque and mean torque impulse during the first 10 muscle contractions were significantly enhanced following ingestion of both 12.8 mmol and 19.2 mmol NOcompared to placebo, while the mean absolute rate of torque development (RTD) at 0-50 ms and 0-100 ms was significantly improved following ingestion of 6.4 mmol NOcompared to placebo and 19.2 mmol NO. Significant correlations were found between changes in red blood cell [RSNOs] and changes in absolute RTD at 0-50 ms (r = -0.70, P = 0.02) and 0-100 ms (r = -0.84, P < 0.01) following the ingestion of 6.4 mmol NO. Our findings suggest that a high dose of 12.8 mmol NOis necessary to improve muscle contractile torque, while a lower dose of 6.4 mmol NOis sufficient to enhance muscle contractile velocity, at least for the type of exercise employed in the present study. 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3s s3 3 3 ----------------

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Dose-response relationship between dietary nitrate intake and nitric oxide congeners in various blood compartments and skeletal muscle: Differential effects on skeletal muscle torque and velocity

Abstract

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