Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of exercise and walking performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

May 23, 2015Free radical biology & medicine

Dietary nitrate's effects on exercise oxygen use and walking in people with type 2 diabetes

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Abstract

Supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice increased plasma nitrate and nitrite levels significantly in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Plasma nitrate levels increased from 57±66µM with placebo to 319±110µM with beetroot juice.
Plasma nitrite levels increased from 680±256nM with placebo to 1065±607nM with beetroot juice.
There were no significant differences in the oxygen cost of walking between beetroot juice and placebo.
Distance covered in the 6-minute walk test showed no significant improvement with beetroot juice compared to placebo.
Nitrate supplementation does not appear to affect exercise response in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to reduce the oxygen (O2) cost of exercise and enhance exercise tolerance in healthy individuals. This study assessed whether similar effects could be observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 48 participants with T2DM supplemented their diet for 4 days with either nitrate-rich beetroot juice (70ml/day, 6.43mmol nitrate/day) or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice as placebo (70ml/day, 0.07mmol nitrate/day). After each intervention period, resting plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured subsequent to participants completing moderate-paced walking. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured to assess the O2 cost of walking. After a rest period, participants performed the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Relative to placebo, beetroot juice resulted in a significant increase in plasma nitrate (placebo, 57±66 vs beetroot, 319±110µM; P < 0.001) and plasma nitrite concentration (placebo, 680±256 vs beetroot, 1065±607nM; P < 0.001). There were no differences between placebo juice and beetroot juice for the O2 cost of walking (946±221 vs 939±223ml/min, respectively; P = 0.59) and distance covered in the 6MWT (550±83 vs 554±90m, respectively; P = 0.17). Nitrate supplementation did not affect the O2 cost of moderate-paced walking or improve performance in the 6MWT. These findings indicate that dietary nitrate supplementation does not modulate the response to exercise in individuals with T2DM.

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Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of exercise and walking performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

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