Is having early-morning classes linked to lower positive mental health in university students? Differences based on conditions and student types

Early-morning class exposure may be linked to positive mental health outcomes.

• Social jetlag and difficulties in regulating emotions could mediate the relationship between early-morning classes and mental health.
• Bedtime procrastination may influence how early-morning classes affect mental health.
• Students' mental health risks may vary, indicating heterogeneous configurations among the student population.

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