Efficacy of brief behavioral and sleep hygiene education with mindfulness intervention on sleep, social jetlag and mental health in adolescence: a pilot study

Jan 17, 2025Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung

Mindfulness and sleep habit lessons may improve sleep, social jetlag, and mental health in teenagers

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Abstract

Fifty-five participants completed the study with an average age of 17.3 years and a prevalence of severe social-jetlag at 72%.

Participants who discontinued the study exhibited higher levels of sleepiness, insomnia, and depression symptoms compared to those who completed it.
The intervention group advanced their sleep onset by 32 minutes and reduced social jetlag by 37 minutes compared to the control group.
Participants with severe social jetlag at baseline who responded to the intervention advanced their sleep onset by 96 minutes and decreased their social jetlag by 103 minutes.
Non-responders with severe social jetlag increased their sleep duration on both school and non-school nights but did not reduce their social jetlag.
No significant difference was observed in average sleep duration between the intervention and control groups after the intervention.

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OBJECTIVES: Sleep is often compromised in adolescents, affecting their health and quality of life. This pilot-study was conducted to evaluate if implementing brief-behavioral and sleep-hygiene education with mindfulness intervention may positively affect sleep-health in adolescents.

METHOD: Participants in this community-based non-randomized cohort-study volunteered for intervention (IG)- or control-group (CG). Sleep was recorded during regular school-schedule for 3-school-nights and 2-non-school-nights with an FDA-cleared/EU-Medical Device Regulation (CE-2862) compliant home sleep test, and Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate chronotype, sleepiness, insomnia-, anxiety- and depression-symptoms. The four-week intervention included sleep-hygiene education, mindfulness- and breathing-practices for one-hour, twice weekly. Data was collected during the last-week of February and first two-weeks of March 2023 and repeated after intervention.

RESULTS: Fifty-five participants completed the study, IG (86%) and CG (77%). Average age was 17.3-years and prevalence of severe social-jetlag (SJL) 72%. Participants who quit participation (n = 10) after baseline data-collection all females (3-IG/7-CG) in comparison to participants who completed the study were sleepier than the IG and CG (+ 2.6-p = 0.04; + 3.8-p = 0.001), with more symptoms of insomnia- (+ 3.8-p = 0.002; + 4.7-p < 0.0001), and depression (+ 16.7-p < 0.0001; + 19.6-p < 0.0001), and report being later-chronotypes, (-18.2, p < 0.0001;-13.1, p < 0.0001). On average the IG advanced sleep-onset (32-min; p = 0.030), decreased SJL (37-min; p = 0.011) and increased total sleep time (TST, 29-min; p = 0.088) compared to the CG. Average sleep duration did not differ significantly comparing IG and CG after intervention. Stratifying participants with severe SJL (> 2-h) at baseline; 1) responders (61%) advanced sleep-onset on non-school-nights (96-min) and decreased SJL (103-min; p < 0.001) 2) non-responders (39%) increased sleep-duration on school-nights (36-min) and non-school-nights (63-min) but maintained severe-SJL.

CONCLUSION: Teacher-lead sleep-education and mindfulness program can improve TST and SJL in adolescence.

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Efficacy of brief behavioral and sleep hygiene education with mindfulness intervention on sleep, social jetlag and mental health in adolescence: a pilot study

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