Emerging glucose-lowering therapies: a guide for cardiologists

Sep 26, 2019Heart (British Cardiac Society)

New blood sugar–lowering treatments for heart doctors

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Abstract

Two new classes of glucose-lowering medications may provide cardiovascular benefits in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown cardiovascular benefits in recent large-scale trials.
These medications are now recommended as second-line treatments for managing high blood sugar and for preventing cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is high among patients with cardiovascular disease, suggesting that cardiologists will frequently encounter these treatments.
The review provides evidence from cardiovascular outcome trials, practical prescribing advice, and safety considerations for SGLT2i and GLP-1RAs.
Future research is needed to clarify the role of cardiologists in initiating treatment with these medications.

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In recent large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials, two new classes of glucose-lowering medications-sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs)-demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These findings have prompted growing optimism among clinicians regarding the potential for these agents to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in people with T2DM. GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i are now advocated as second-line agents in European and US guidelines for management of both hyperglycaemia and for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with T2DM. Given the high prevalence of T2DM in patients with cardiovascular disease, cardiologists will increasingly encounter these agents in routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarise evidence from cardiovascular outcome trials of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2i, give practical advice on prescribing and detail safety considerations associated with their use. We also highlight areas where further work is needed, giving details on active clinical trials. The review aims to familiarise cardiologists with these emerging treatments, which will be increasingly encountered in clinical practice, given the expanding representation of T2DM in patients with cardiovascular disease. Whether these drugs will be initiated by cardiologists remains to be determined.

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Emerging glucose-lowering therapies: a guide for cardiologists

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