Epigenetic aging clocks: statistical approaches and new computer challenges

Competing interests: S.H. and his team developed the first epigenetic clocks for human saliva, for all tissues (pan-tissue clock), for human mortality risk prediction (PhenoAge, GrimAge), and pan-mammalian clocks. The Regents of the University of California are the sole owner of patents and patent applications directed at epigenetic biomarkers for which S.H. is a named inventor; S.H. is a founder and paid consultant of the non-profit Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation that licenses these patents. S.H. is a principal investigator at the Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, a biomedical company that works on biological rejuvenation. A.E.T. declares no competing interests.