Differential role of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the induction of oxidative stress in HEP G2 cells: Effect on transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB

Nov 26, 1999Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

Different effects of alcohol and its byproduct on cell stress and gene regulators in liver cells

AI simplified

Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Ethanol (80 mmol/L) depleted cellular GSH stores in both cytosol and mitochondria in cells expressing CYP2E1.

Ethanol may induce oxidative stress in cells with CYP2E1 but not in those without it.
Acetaldehyde did not cause oxidative stress in HepG2 cells but activated specific transcription factors.
Blocking reduced glutathione synthesis led to increased peroxides and activation of transcription factors in CYP2E1-expressing cells.
The activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 by ethanol and acetaldehyde appears to occur through different mechanisms.
CYP2E1 is necessary for ethanol-induced oxidative stress, while acetaldehyde's effects on transcription factors are not related to oxidative stress.

AI simplified

The oxidative metabolism of ethanol by the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) has been recognized to contribute to the ethanol-induced deleterious effects through the induction of oxidative stress. This study compared the effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the induction of oxidative stress and activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activating protein 1 (AP-1) in HepG2 cells, which do not express CYP2E1, and HepG2 cells transfected with CYP2E1 (E47 cells). Neither ethanol (80 mmol/L) nor acetaldehyde (25-200 micromol/L) caused oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, an effect that was independent of blocking reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis with buthionine-L-sulfoximine (BSO). However, BSO preincubation caused an overproduction of peroxides and activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in E47 cells even in the absence of ethanol. Furthermore, the incubation of E47 cells with ethanol (80 mmol/L for up to 5 days) depleted cellular GSH stores in both cytosol and mitochondria, reflecting the induction of oxidative stress. Ethanol activated NF-kappaB and AP-1 in E47 cells, an effect that was prevented by 4-methylpyrazole, potentiated by cyanamide, and attenuated by trolox C. Interestingly, however, despite the inability of acetaldehyde to induce oxidative stress in HepG2, acetaldehyde activated NF-kappaB and AP-1; in contrast, ethanol failed to activate these transcription factors in HepG2. Thus, our findings indicate that activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 by ethanol and acetaldehyde occurs through distinct mechanisms. CYP2E1 is indispensable in the induction of oxidative stress from ethanol, whereas the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 by acetaldehyde is independent of oxidative stress.

Full Text

Full text is available at the source.

View full text ↗

Differential role of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the induction of oxidative stress in HEP G2 cells: Effect on transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB

Abstract

Full Text

You found one interesting study. We’ll send the next 7.

what lands in your inbox each week:

Recent issues from the circadian biology brief