Exercise timing and circadian regulation of metabolism in type 2 diabetes

Mar 20, 2026Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM

How Exercise Timing and Body Clock Influence Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract

Afternoon and evening exercise may significantly improve glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

  • Disrupted clock gene oscillations in skeletal muscle are linked to impaired metabolic regulation in type 2 diabetes.
  • Insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation are associated with circadian misalignment.
  • Exercise has the potential to restore circadian rhythms, which could aid in metabolic regulation.
  • The timing of exercise may influence its effectiveness, with afternoon and evening sessions showing greater benefits than morning workouts.
  • Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms behind the effects of exercise timing and to create clinical guidelines.

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