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Abstract
Chronic exposures to various environmental factors may significantly influence heart failure incidence and prognosis in older adults.
- Heart failure in older adults is shaped by both biological aging and environmental factors.
- Traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone do not fully account for the burden of heart failure.
- Chronic exposure to air pollution, traffic noise, and temperature extremes is linked to heart failure outcomes.
- Toxic metals, chemicals, and artificial light at night may also play a role in heart failure incidence.
- Adverse social environments, along with low levels of greenness and walkability, are associated with increased heart failure risk.
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