Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Theranostics

Nov 22, 2017Theranostics

Using Tiny Cell Particles for Heart Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be detected in most body fluids and play significant roles in intercellular communication.

EVs transfer bioactive materials to recipient cells, influencing various cellular functions.
Cardiovascular EVs are associated with important processes in heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Different cell types, such as cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, secrete EVs that impact cardiovascular health.
The review highlights the potential of EVs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.
EVs may serve as novel drug delivery systems and have applications in regenerative medicine.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles that can be released by most cell types and detected in most body fluids. EVs exert key functions for intercellular communication via transferring their bioactive cargos to recipient cells or activating signaling pathways in target cells. Increasing evidence has shown the important regulatory effects of EVs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). EVs secreted by cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem cells play essential roles in pathophysiological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and angiogenesis in relation to CVDs. In this review, we will first outline the current knowledge about the physical characteristics, biological contents, and isolation methods of EVs. We will then focus on the functional roles of cardiovascular EVs and their pathophysiological effects in CVDs, as well as summarize the potential of EVs as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for CVDs. Finally, we will discuss the specific application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system and the utility of EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Theranostics

Abstract

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