Archives of gerontology and geriatricsAug 26, 2019

How Money Problems and Mind-Body Factors Relate to Loneliness in Older Adults Living at Home

Longevity & Aging Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Mar 29, 2026

Abstract

Loneliness was reported by 21% of older adults accessing home support services and long-term aged residential care.

A total of 51,239 assessments of older New Zealanders aged 65 and older were analyzed.
The model used explained 12.1% of the variance in loneliness among participants.
Depression, living alone, being Asian, experiencing financial difficulty, and not being in a relationship were associated with higher odds of reporting loneliness.
Functional impairment showed a negative association with loneliness, suggesting that greater impairment may reduce feelings of loneliness.
The complexity of predicting loneliness indicates that multiple factors contribute, with much variance still unexplained.

Simplified

AIM: To investigate the interplay of sociodemographic, health, functional and psychosocial factors in predicting loneliness in community dwelling older adults accessing home support services and long-term aged residential care.

METHODS: Older New Zealanders (age 65+), who had their first interRAI Home Care assessment between July 2014 and June 2016, were included. The outcome variable was the binary interRAI item "Lonely". The predictor variables included sociodemographics, hearing, vision, self-reported health, activities of daily living, social interaction and support, and depression.

RESULTS: Data from 51,239 assessments of older adults (mean age: 82.3 years; female: 61%; European: 87.3%) were analysed. Loneliness was reported in 21%. A stepwise logistic regression model explained 12.1% of the variance and was statistically significant (Chi = 3501.0.8, df = 22; p < 0.001). The factors with the largest odds ratios (OR > 1.5) were depression, living alone, being Asian, financial difficulty and not in a relationship. Functional impairment was negatively associated with loneliness. 2

CONCLUSIONS: Determining the predictors of older adults' loneliness is complex, multi-factorial, with each factor having a small, additive effect on the development of loneliness. Depression, social factors and financial difficulty are the strongest predictors but much of the variance remains unexplained. These factors could be targeted as modifiable risk factors for addressing loneliness in older adults.

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How Money Problems and Mind-Body Factors Relate to Loneliness in Older Adults Living at Home

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